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UNIT 11
1、word study
replace,litter,refine,reproduce
① replace
vt.1、把。。。放回（原處），使恢復（原職）；2、更換，以。。。替代
The airline is currently replacing its DC10s with DC Super 80s.
這家航空公司正在用DC超80飛機取代DC10飛機。
Please replace the newspaper after reading.
報紙閱后請放回原處。
② litter
n.1、（供動物睡眠或植物防凍的）干草；2、雜亂無章；3、（貓狗等）一窩（仔畜）；4、【總稱】亂丟的東西（尤指廢紙等雜物）
vt.1、為（動物）鋪草；2、（多產動物）產（仔）；3、亂丟
The boxes are filled with litter for the small animals to live in.
箱子里鋪滿干草以便小動物能夠在里邊住。
The children picked up all the litter on the playground.
孩子們把亂扔在操場上的廢紙等雜物都拾了起來。
I was surprised to see his room in such a litter.
我看到他的房間如此亂七八糟感到驚訝。
Please don’t litter.
請不要亂丟東西。
Please don’t litter the room.
請不要在屋里亂扔東西。
Please don’t litter waste papers round the room..
請不要在屋里亂扔廢紙。
③ refine
vt.1、提純，精制；2、使精美，使完善
They have built a factory to refine cane sugar.
他們建了一個提煉蔗糖的工廠。
He has refined his manners.
他已使自己的舉止儀態變得高雅完美。
Reporters tried to refine their questions to draw their expected response.
記者們力圖把問題提得巧妙，以便引起他們所期望的答復。
④ reproduce
vt.1、繁殖；2、再生產，再生長（器官）；3、復制；4、再現，重現
There are animals which can reproduce a lost part of their bodies.
有些動物能使身體上失去的某部分再生。
Frogs reproduce themselves by laying eggs.
青蛙通過產卵繁殖。
A tape-recorder will reproduce your lecture.
錄音機將放出你的講課錄音。
He reproduced the painting by photography.
他通過照相復制了那副油畫。
The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.
十年前的情形今天又重現了。
2、常考句型
1、使用動物對于發展麻醉學具有至關重要的作用。P2
The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.
2、用動物進行研究與我們的健康無關，它產生的后果常常起誤導作用。P4
Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.
3、人和動物對藥物的反應不同，身體作用的方式也不同。P4
People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.
4、如果把還沒有在動物身上徹底實驗過的藥物用在人身上，那是完全不負責任和不道德的。P5
It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.
5、計算機模型的最終目的是減少用作實驗對象的動物數量。P6
The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.
6、現在已有很多別的新技術，使更多的研究能在試管里進行，以便發現化學藥品是否產生有害的生物效果。P7
Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.
7、用于實驗室實驗的動物數量在過去20年中已經減少。P8
The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.
8、這部分地是由于采用替代的方法，部分地是由于實驗比以前設計的更好，所以需要的動物就少了。P8
This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.
9、該系的大衛莫頓教授正在進行動物研究，他熱心于盡可能地減少動物的痛苦。P9
Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.
10、這包括把它們豢養在更符合要求的籠子里。P9
This includes keeping them in more suitable cages. include 后面接動名詞作賓語。
11、在美國，進行一次神經再生實驗要在老鼠腿上切掉一大段神經。P10
In the US,one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat’s leg.
12、例如當研究心臟病和它對身體的影響時，或者當研究大腦疾病時，我們沒有充分的代用品來代替動物。P12
When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals. When it comes to 當提到…的時候
3、習題
1.動物研究對人類醫學的發展做出了重大的貢獻。
Animal research has made great contributions to human medical development.
Animal research has contributed a great deal to the development of human medicine.
2.動物研究是否與人體健康有關，人們持不同態度。
People have different ideas about whether animal research is relevant to human health.
3用于實驗的動物數量在過去二十年中已大大減少了。
The number of animals used in experiments has declined greatly over the past 20 years.
研究的新成果表明，少數實驗可以放棄使用動物。
4.The new research findings show that a few experiments can be done without using animals.
The new development in research has shown that a small proportion of tests can be done without using animals.
5.盡管醫學技術越來越先進，但完全停止使用動物做實驗仍然很遠。
Although medical techniques are becoming more advanced, stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.
Although medical technique becomes more and more advanced, stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.
4、歷年試題
1. The number of animals used in laboratory tests____(decline) over the last 20 years. (99.10)
答案： has declined 。 考點：本句中 over the last 20 years 是明顯的表示現在完成時的時間狀語。因此本句用現在完成時。
2. To assume the care for the pets can help bring the____humanity in our children and even in us adults. (99.10)
A. about B. in C. out D. up 答案
答案： C 。考點： 本題主要考查詞組 bring out 表示“使顯示，顯現；生產，使產生”
3. It is touching to see how a cat or dog – especially a dog – itself to family and wants to share in all its goings and comings. (00.4)
A. attributes B. applies C. assigned D. attaches
答案： D 。考點：本題主要考查詞組 attach … to 表示“把 … 附加到，使 … 與 … 相關”。
4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals____(use) in experiments many decrease. (00.10)
答案： used 。考點：本題主要考查 used 過去分詞 做定語修飾 animals 。
5. Some people think that animal research is irrelevant____our health and that it can often produce misleading results. (01.4)
A. with B. at C. on D. to
答案： D 。本題主要考查詞組 be irrelevant to 表示“與 … 不相關”。
6. 漢譯英：他的膚色與他是否是個好教授沒有關系。
答案： The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not
7. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals used in experiments may decrease, but stopping_____(test) on animals altogether is a long way away.
答案： testing 。本題主要考查詞組 stop doing sth. 停止做某事。
Translation
1. 有人認為用動物進行實驗根本沒有必要。
答： There are those who think the test on animals are simply unnecessary.
2. 人和動物對藥物的反應并不相同。
答： People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs.
3. 新技術使我們容易找到代替動物實驗的方法。
答： New technology makes it easy for us to find alternative methods of testing on animals.
4. 正是狗教會我們忠誠和奉獻，而貓卻對此一無所知。
答： It is the dog who can teach us lessons of loyalty and devotion that no cat ever knows.
5. 照料小貓們有助于培養孩子的人情味。
答： Caring for cats can help bring out the humanity in children.
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